Urogenital Tract Infection

The Present Status and Counterplans of Nosocomial Infection: Sung Dae Kim, Dong Wan Sohn, Sae Woong Kim, Yong-Hyun Cho; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):1-11. Published online May 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Although of advances in medical environment we are faced with new pathogen in hospital according to increase of antimicrobial resistance, invasive procedure, population of old men, abuse of immune suppressants. Nosocomial infections are more common phenomena than other infection in clinical practice. Therefore, we should know about the exact definition, diagnostic principles, need of control of nosocomial infection. Especially, We need to understand about it in Korea. So the Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control (KOSNIC) organized the Korean Nosocomial Infectious Surveillance System (KONIS) to establish a nationwide database of nosocomial infection rate on the intensive care units of hospitals in Korea. This article focuses on the definition, background, principles of diagnosis, the current status and counterplans of nosocomial infection in Korea. We have full assurance that it should provide a theoretical strategy to enforce the infection control."

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Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome: Young Ho Kim, Min Eui Kim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):12-22. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract: Painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is the term used to refer to a chronic symptom complex of urinary frequency and bladder 'pressure', discomfort or pain in the absence of any other reasonable cause for these symptoms. Interstitial cystitis (IC) is the established term used by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) consensus workshop for which a research definition was formulated in the late 1980s. The pathogenesis of IC is still not completely understood, but it is likely multifactorial. The diagnosis of IC can be made clinically and by cystoscopy and hydrodistension. The sensitivity and specificity of urinary markers and the potassium sensitivity test have not been prospectivly studied. New developments in the study of IC/PBS include the identification of a potential cells in IC and thought to inhibit proliferation. In addition, condition-specific validated questionnaires should aid evaluation, and a growing number of randomised controlled trials should enable clinicians to use evidence-based therapeutic options.

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The Relationship between Prostatitis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Choung-Soo Kim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):111-117. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract: Prostatitis is defined as a clinical syndrome composed of acute and chronic prostatitis by bacterial pathogen, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. In many clinicopathological or epidemiological studies, it has been suggested that this condition be a possible pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. When various antibacterial mechanisms of urine and prostate which protects the prostate from inflammation are violated, acute or chronic prostatitis can be developed. In addition to prostatitis, various neuromuscular insult around pelvic structure modulate nervous system and CP/CPPS can be developed by chronic change of the neuromuscular system. Various epidemiologic studies showed significant correlation of the prostatitis and BPH, but recall biases should be considered. Clinically, 18-24% of the patients with low urinary tract symptom have symptoms of prostatitis and BPH simultaneously. Pathologically, BPH tissue frequently contains chronic inflammatory cells and it is usually related with inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-15 and so on. This inflammatory process can induce fibromuscular proliferation in prostate tissue which grows prostate adenoma. Alpha-blockers and anticholinergics have been widely used for prostatitis and BPH. Combination treatment of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs with these symptomatic drugs rather than mono-treatment is recommended for these two conditions.

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The Relationship between Chronic Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: Tag Keun Yoo, Jung Man Cho; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):118-123. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Prostate cancer is a significant disease for men and it became a truly prevalent cancer even in Asian countries including Korea. Several important factors such as dietary factors, lifestyle-related factors and androgen have been recognized as contributors to the risk of prostate cancer. Recently, it has been suggested that chronic inflammation is related to the development of prostate cancer. A body of literature tells us about the possible links between sexually transmitted infection, chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer. Furthermore, some studies concerning several genes associated with the immunologic aspects of inflammation and somatic alterations of genes involved in defense against inflammatory damage and in tissue recovery are also reported to be related to the development of prostate cancer. Here, we review the evidences of link between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer.

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The Relationship between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Chronic Inflammation: Dong Il Kang, Kweon Sik Min; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):124-135. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are related to urination, pain/discomport, or both. The prevalence of LUTS in the community is high in men and increases with age. LUTS are an important clinical manifestation of prostate. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis are the most common benign diseases of the prostate and induce LUTS. Recently, many researches have shown roles of chronic inflammation in BPH and chronic prostatitis/chronic plevic pain symdrome (CP/CPPS). Although the pathogenesis of BPH and CP/CPPS is still unresolved, chronic inflammation may play a significant role in disease progression of LUTS. This review presents recent evidence that suggests a relationship between inflammation and BPH and CP/CPPS.

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Role of Alpha Blocker Therapy for Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A-Ram Choi, Chang Hee Han; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):136-142. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Prostatitis is a common medical diagnosis. The etiology of this symptomatic syndrome can be an acute or chronic bacterial infection, a noninfectious initiator, or iatrogenic heat or radiation. Alpha-blocker therapy has been advocated, with various levels of evidence, as a treatment modality for all categories of the prostatitis syndromes. From a pharmacological standpoint, the alpha blockers used in urology are not interchangeable. These drugs may work by different mechanisms and with different efficacy in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia and in those with symptoms of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS). This article reviews the rationale for alpha blockers in patients with CP/CPPS.

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Complementary and Alternative Therapy for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Bong Suk Shim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):143-150. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a very common condition that is poorly understood and has a significant impact on quality of life. Given the lack of proven efficacy of conventional therapies, both physicians and patients have turned with increasing frequency to phytotherapy and other alternative treatments. Although complementary and alternative therapies for CP/CPPS are plentiful, few have been subjected to scientific scrutiny and prospective controlled clinical trials. This reviews concerned complementary and alternative therapies commonly used for CP/CPPS and focus in detail on those with published data.

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The Relationship between Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Male Infertility: Myeong Heon Jin, Du Geon Moon; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):151-156. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Infections of the male accessory glands are potentially correctable causes of male infertility. But sexually transmitted pathogens generally have not been considered to be an important environmental determinant of male infertility except for obstruction of the epididymis or vas deferens. Despite the recent reports of several micro-organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasmataceae, evidences are still lacking to confirm the negative influence of sexually transmitted diseases on sperm quality. To establish the effect of sexually transmitted disease on male infertility, further studies with control group based on exact diagnostic criteria are requested.

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The Relationship between Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV Transmission: Sung Dae Kim, Dong Wan Sohn, Seung-Ju Lee, Sae Woong Kim, Yong-Hyun Cho; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):157-166. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: More than 42 million people worldwide are now infected with HIV, in spite of sustained prevention activities. Although the spread of HIV has been primarily sexual, epidemiological studies have indicated that the efficiency of the spread of HIV is poor, perhaps as infrequently as 1 in every 1,000 episodes of sexual intercourse. However, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that cause ulcers or inflammation greatly increase the efficiency of HIV transmission by increasing both the infectiousness of, and the susceptibility to HIV infection. STDs might be particularly important in the early stages of a localized HIV epidemic, when people with risky sexual behaviour are most likely to become infected. In China, eastern Europe and Russia, there has been a remarkable increase in the incidence of STDs in recent years, and this is reflected in the rapid increase in the spread of HIV in these areas. Targeted STDs detection and treatment should have a central role in HIV prevention in these emerging epidemics.

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Bacterial Interference, an Alternative Treatment for Patients with Recurrent Cystitis: Gilho Lee; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):167-172. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause significant morbidity, and in some patients recurrent cystitis severely impacts quality of life. Antibiotic treatment is, in most cases, effective but when repeated courses or long-term prophylactics are needed. However, the long term therapy may develop side effects of drug such as ecological disturbance in bowel or antibiotics resistance. Bacterial interference has attracted interest as a possible alternative treatment option for recurrent UTI or persistence infection patients. The strain used for colonization, the ABU isolate Escherichia coli 83972, has been shown to cause symptom-free colonizations for long periods of time. Patients on long-term colonization report a subjective benefit, and UTI treatments are rare in colonized patients. I present an update on bacterial interference theory in mainly research point of view, and describe some clinical results of the E. coli 83972 colonization trials.

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Acute Epididymitis in Children: 10-Year Retrospective Study of Single Center: Jung Man Kim, Chang Yell Lee, Sang Don Lee; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):173-178. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Purpose: We studied to describe clinical aspects, to assess the value of diagnostic tests and to determine conspicuous characteristics of acute epididymitis between children and adult. Materials and Methods: A total of 205 patients with acute epididymitis over a 10-year period were divided into 3 groups: group A (prepuberty; 49 patients), group B (puberty; 42 patients) and group C (adult; 114 patients). We analysed retrospectively the medical records: clinical features, laboratory tests, radiological examinations, accompanying diseases and treatment. Results: The mean ages were 6.5±2.7, 14.1±2.8, and 43.7±13.4 years in the group A, B, and C (p<0.001), respectively. Prevalence of symptoms including swelling, pain, tenderness and fever were not different among these 3 groups. Serum ESR and CRP levels were significantly higher in group C compare to group A and B (p=0.008 and p<0.001). On urinalysis, pyuria was presented 4 (8.2%), 5 (11.9%), and 19 patients (16.7%) in each group (p=0.341). However, there were only 4 positive urine cultures (1.8%): group A; 2 E. coli, group C; 2 Pseudomonas. All of patients performed by Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and testicular scan demonstrated the increased vascularity and isotope uptake, respectively. The concomitant diseases causing acquired epididymitis were predominent in the group C. The epididymectomy and scrotal exploration were performed in 0 (0.0%), 1 (2.4%), 1 (0.9%) patients, and in 4 (8.2%), 0 (0.0%), 2 (1.8%) patients in each group, respectively. Conclusions: Compare to the adults, for the diagnosis of acute epididymitis, CDUS and/or testicular scan were very useful, however serum ESR and CRP level, urinalysis and urine culture seem to be not useful in children. This study suggests that if there is no evidence of infections, empirical antibiotics treatment should not be recommended."

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Clinical Characteristics of Urinary Tract Infection after Transrectal Ultrasonography Guided Biopsy of Prostate: Hyeon Ju Kim, Jung-Sik Huh; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):179-183. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Purpose: Recently, the number of patients undergoing prostate biopsy has increased due to the development of the prostatic cancer screening test. The more common is the transrectal technique whereby following prophylactic antibiotics a core biopsy needle is passed through the rectum. Complications of prostate biopsy are perineal tenderness, hematuria, hematospermia, rectal bleeding, fever and sepsis. We estimated the clinical characteristics and pathogens of urinary tract infections (UTIs) after transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of prostate. Method and Material: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who had treated for UTI after 375 prostatic biopsy between January 2001 and August 2007. We analyzed parameters including history taking, physical examination, hospitalization day, urinalysis, urine culture and blood culture. Results: 18 patients had UTI. The symptoms of UTI were dysuria and fever. The mean age was 67.61 years old. The Average days of admission was 6.07 days. E. coli was identified in 3 patients. One patient had a septic shock due to quinolones resistance E. coli infection after prostate biopsy. Conclusions: We considered that UTI was rare complication of prostatic biopsy. But life-threatened uroseptic shock was happened. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the symptoms and treatment of UTI after prostate biopsy."

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Clinical Experience of Fournier's Gangrene: A Twenty Year Retrospective Analysis: Won Hee Chon, Sang Don Lee; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):184-189. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Purpose: Fournier's gangrene is aggressive necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum, penis or perineum with a fatal synergistic polymicrobial infection. we evaluated the clinical outcome and management of patients with Fournier's gangrene. Material and Methods: Total of 23 cases of Fournier's gangrene treated in our hospital during the last 20 years were evaluated retrospectively through medical records such as onset season, department and diagnosis at first visit, time to diagnosis, laboratory finding, co-existing disease, prodromal symptom, hospital stay, treatment methods and outcome. Results: The patients' ages ranged between 39 and 83 years old (mean 63.2). There was no relation between onset of Fournier's gangrene and onset season. The usual prodromal symptoms were lower abdominal and inguinal pain. The co-existing disease included diabetes mellitus (9 cases, 34.7%), chronic liver disease (2 cases, 7.7%), pulmonary tuberculosis (2 cases, 7.7%), hemorrhoid (2 cases, 7.7%), debility (2 cases, 7.7%), paraplegia (1 case, 3.8%), malignant disease (1 case, 3.8%), urethral stricture (1 case, 3.8%) and hypertension (1 case, 3.8%). Contributing factors to establish infection were traumatic injury, urethral catheterization, hemorroid and peritonitis for 3, 2, 2 and 1 patients, respectively. Accuracy of diagnosis at the first visit was 81.3% in urologic, and 14.3% in non-urologic departments. Single and multiple infection were occurred in 16 (76.2%) and 5 (23.8%) patients, respectively, and E. Coli was most common causative microorganism. In the laboratory tests, leukocytosis (mean WBC: 13.1×103/ul), hypoalbuminemia (mean albumin: 2.6mg/dl) and increase of C-reactive protein (mean CRP: 16.4mg/dl) were characteristic. All patients were treated with triple broad spectrum antibiotics with wide surgical debridement. Cysotstomy and colostomy were additionally done in 13 (56.5%) and 5 (21.7%) patients, respectively. There was no death after final management. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment with empirical triple antibiotics and wide debridment of devitalized tissue can reduce the mortality and bring a good outcome."

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The Expression of CC Cytokine, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein in a Acute Cystitis and Bladder Pain Syndrome: Jun Mo Kim, Chae Hyun Kim, Yong-Wha Lee, Kwang Woo Lee, Young Ho Kim, Min Eui Kim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):190-196. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Purpose: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and MIP-1beta are members of the CC chemokine subfamily. To evaluate the changes of the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1α and MIP-1β) by ELISA test in the patients with acute cystitis and bladder pain syndrome. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to May 2007, urine samples were obtained from 13 female control group, 16 female patients (mean age 44.8 years) with acute cystitis and 26 female patients (mean age 48.2 years) with bladder pain syndrome. The urine level of MIP-1α and MIP-1β were compared by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Results: The urine level of MIP-1α and MIP-1β was not significantly higher in both group than control group. But urine level of MIP-1α in patients with acute cystitis by E. coli was significantly higher than control group (p=0.006). Conclusions: Although urine level of MIP-1α and MIP-1β in patients with acute cystitis and bladder pain syndrome were not higher than control group, MIP-1α was increased in acute cystitis by E. coli. "

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The Value of Transrectal Ultrasonography Guided Needle Aspiration in Prostate Abscess: Dae Eun Shin, Dong Hoon Lim, Hyung Yoon Moon, Jun Rho, Chul Sung Kim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):197-202. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of transrectal ultrasonogram guided needle aspiration and drainage of prostatic abscess. Material and Methods: From January, 2005 to June, 2007, six patients who were diagnosed as prostate abscess and treated in Chosun University Hospital were examined. Assessment parameters included associated disease, symptoms, analysis of midstream urine, blood, and aspirated abscess for leukocyte and common pathogen, digital rectal examination, transrectal sonography, and abdomen-pelvic CT. Managment of prostatic abscess included broad-spectrum antibiotics with or without transrectal ultrasonogram guided needle aspiration. During the follow up, transrectal ultrasound examination and abdomen-pelvic CT, urine analysis and urine culture were performed on an outpatient basis. Result: For all patients, antibiotic therapy and suprapubic cystostomy were performed. Of six patients, four patients received transrectal ultrasonogram guided needle aspiration additionally. One patient was treated by transrectal ultrasonogram guided needle aspiration after the initial treatment of transurethral incision of the prostate was failed. All patients were treated effectively without complications. Conclusion: It is suggested that transrectal ultrasonogram guided needle aspiration is relatively safe and has high success rates regardless of the size, number, and location of abscess."

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Characteristics of Recent 10 Cases of Fournier's Gangrene: Myeong Heon Jin, Mi Mi Oh, Jae Hyun Bae, Hong Soek Park, Duck Ki Yoon, Du Geon Moon; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):203-208. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: "Purpose: Fournier’s gangrene is a rare and potentially fatal infectious disease characterized by necrotic fasciitis of the perineum and abdominal wall, along with the scrotum and penis in men and the vulva in women. The aim of this study is to share our recent experience with the management of this difficult infectious disease. Materials and Methods: The authors reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of a series of 10 patients with Fournier’s gangrene between the years 2004 and 2007 who, after initial treatment. The patient’s age, predisposing etiological factors, interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis, lesion site, results of bacteriologic cultures, treatment and reconstructive procedures, length of hospital stay, treatment and outcome were analyzed. Results: The patients' ages ranged between 46 and 84 years (mean 59 years). Of the 10 patients, 1 (10%) died and 9 (90%) survived. The predisposing factors included diabetes mellitus (10 cases, 100%), hypertention (3 cases, 30%), liver cirrhosis (2 cases, 20%), CVA (1 case, 10%). All 10 patients had positive culture results, with 9 (90%) of these being polymicrobial. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (n=6), Staphylococcus aureus (n=4) and Streptococcus agalactiae (n=2). The important finding wass the fact that quinolone-resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli (E. coli) was detected in two cases (20%). The mean length of hospital stay was 41.1 days (7-70). Conclusions: There is no differences between current study and previous, butit is important that ESBL producing E. coli was appeared. It may have influence on length of hospital stay and wound healing. However, more studies are required to conclusively prove the effect of ESBL on prognosis of Fournier’s gangrene."

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Actinomycosis of Urinary Bladder Associated with Intrauterine Contraceptive Device: Il Kang, Jae Duck Choi, Duk Yoon Kim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):209-211. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Actinomycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by anaerobic bacterium Actinomyces israelii. It usually causes a chronic suppurative infection. Actinomycosis occasionally associated with the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD). Herein, We report a case of 43-year-old woman, who presented urinary frequency, dysuria, abdominal discomfort and had IUD indwelling for 4 years. With the presumptive diagnosis of bladder tumor, transurethral resection of bladder was performed. Pathological examination revealed a vesical actinomycosis.

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Fournier's Gangrene on Penis, Scrotum, Perineum and Thigh: Jae Young Jong, Taek Hwan Jang, Eun Seok Kim, Hyoung Chul Park, Tae Yeon Kim, Jae Il Kim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):212-216. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Genitourinary gangrene is an uncommon, potentially lethal disorder characterized by the abrupt onset of a rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by the synergistic action of various organism that spread along fascial planes, causing subfascial soft tissue necrosis and destruction. Many factors, debilitating condition such as carcinoma, diabetes, and alcoholism etc, contribute to the development and perpetuate the course of Fournier's gangrene. In this case, predisposing causes were; perianal infection and chronic alcoholism. The cultured organism was Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus). Massive wound debridement was done three times. Reconstructive surgery of defected penis, scrotum, buttock, thigh and perineum was performed after initial operation.

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Renal Abscess Treated with Double J Catheter Insertion: Jae Min Chung, Seong Ju Kim, Byung Ju Sung, Sang Don Lee, Seong Choi; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):217-220. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Renal abscess is uncommon and has variable symptoms of insidious onset. The most common pathogens are Escherichia coli. The patients with renal abscess usually present with fever, chills, abdominal or flank pain, and occasionally weight loss and malaise. Renal abscesses can be treated in various fashions. In these patients, renal abscess with hydronephrosis that does not respond to antimicrobial therapy was improved with double J catheter insertion.

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Bilateral Vesicoureteral Reflux and Wilms' Tumor Combined with Urinary Tract Infection: Byung Il Yoon, Sung Dae Kim, Dong Wan Sohn, Sae Woong Kim, Yong-Hyun Cho; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):221-224. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Vesicoureteral reflux is a common condition in children. It may cause and maintain urinary tract infection, evaentually leading to progressive renal damage and end-stage renal disease. Wilms' tumor is the most common primary malignant renal tumor of childhood. There is no literature that vesicoureteral reflux combined with Wilms' tumor. We report rare case of bilateral vesicoureteral reflux combined with left Wilms' tumor.

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Three Cases of Prostatic Abscess: Ik Joon Choi, Sung Hwan Jung, Ji Sung Park, Kweon Sik Min, Jae Il Chung, Sung Hyup Choi, Dong Il Kang; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):225-229. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Prostatic abscess is acute infection in urologic department. The incidence of prostatic abscess has been decreased for development of antibiotics and decreased incidence of gonococcal infection. Currently the pathogen of prostatic abscess has been changed from N. gonorrheae to E. coli, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Anaerobes and rarely Candida. We encountered 3 cases of prostatic abscess. Pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Radiologic findings of each abscess were similar in all patients. All patients had been administrated sensitive intravenous antibiotics to each pathogen. Percutaneous needle aspiration and drainage, transurethral resection drainage of prostate were done to each patient.

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Penile Necrosis due to Pseudomonas Sepsis in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patient: Seong Ho Cho, Jae Jin Kwak, Chan Wook Shin, Won Yeol Cho; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):230-232. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: Penile necrosis in the form of dry gangrene is a rare disease which is most commonly associated with renal failure in conjunction with diabetes Moreover, it is associated with long-term administration of coumadin in patients with heart problems and pseudomonas sepsis. We report a case of penile necrosis due to pseudomonas sepsis in alcoholic liver cirrhosis patient.

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Examination of the Relationship between Symptoms of Prostatitis and Histological Inflammation: Baseline Data from the REDUCE Chemoprevention Trial: Bong Suk Shim; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):233-237. Published online October 31, 2007

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Urachal Abscess Caused by a Swallowed Fish Bone: Inho Sohng, Gilho Lee; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):238-241. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: A 64-year-old man visited our hospital with a 2 weeks history of lower abdominal pain and palpable mass. Physical examination revealed a tender mass in the suprapubic area. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal computerized tomography of the patient showed a cystic mass and adhesion of the bowel with a foreign body which fortunately found out to be a fish bone. An urachal abscess was suspected, and we first drained the cystic mass and debrided the necrotic tissues. We then performed a complete resection of the urachal remnant, a fistulectomy, a partial resection of adhesive ileum and a partial resection of the bladder. Urachal abscess by a swallowed fish bone is rare, and it was only reported in Japan. A preoperative diagnosis with ultrasonography or CT scan may be helpful to evaluate patients and make a treatment plan.

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