Abstract

Prostatitis is defined as a clinical syndrome composed of acute and chronic prostatitis by bacterial pathogen, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. In many clinicopathological or epidemiological studies, it has been suggested that this condition be a possible pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. When various antibacterial mechanisms of urine and prostate which protects the prostate from inflammation are violated, acute or chronic prostatitis can be developed. In addition to prostatitis, various neuromuscular insult around pelvic structure modulate nervous system and CP/CPPS can be developed by chronic change of the neuromuscular system. Various epidemiologic studies showed significant correlation of the prostatitis and BPH, but recall biases should be considered. Clinically, 18-24% of the patients with low urinary tract symptom have symptoms of prostatitis and BPH simultaneously. Pathologically, BPH tissue frequently contains chronic inflammatory cells and it is usually related with inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-15 and so on. This inflammatory process can induce fibromuscular proliferation in prostate tissue which grows prostate adenoma. Alpha-blockers and anticholinergics have been widely used for prostatitis and BPH. Combination treatment of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs with these symptomatic drugs rather than mono-treatment is recommended for these two conditions.

• Keywords: Prostatitis, Benign prostatic hyperplasia