Urogenital Tract Infection

The Necessity of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Men: A Narrative Review: Sooyoun Kim, Sangrak Bae; Urogenit Tract Infect 2024;19(3):51-59. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2448030015

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Anogenital wart caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. High-risk strains, such as types 16 and 18, cause penile cancer in men, cervical and vulvar cancers in women, and head and neck cancers and anal cancer in both sexes. Since these malignant tumors can be prevented through vaccination, the importance of vaccination is emphasized. However, because HPV is known to cause cervical cancer, vaccination is only being administered to women. Some countries vaccinate men as well, but in South Korea, only girls are included in the National Immunization Program. However, screening for HPV in men is not possible, and the virus causes various malignant tumors, with a sharp increase in head and neck cancers, as well as a surge in genital warts in the country. In addition, HPV worsens sperm quality. Moreover, the need for vaccines is increasing as the known methods for preventing HPV-related diseases in men are decreasing and the disease burden is increasing. As cost-effectiveness studies have shown that the cost-effectiveness of vaccination is lower for men than for women, it is unlikely that male vaccination will be included in national immunization programs. Many countries overseas, especially a very small number of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries including South Korea, are implementing mandatory vaccination for women. Vaccinating men and women, would be cost-effective and efficient in achieving herd immunity. In addition to herd immunity, the inclusion of male vaccination in the National Immunization Program is imperative given the rapidly increasing incidence of diseases in men.

91 View
4 Download

Trend Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatments in Korea: Soeon Park, Byung Kyu Han, Sangrak Bae, Seung-Ju Lee, Jin Bong Choi; Urogenit Tract Infect 2024;19(2):25-30. Published online August 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2024.19.2.25

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: The revision of the 2023 Guidelines for the Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) has been released. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the current status of STI treatments in Korea.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to urologists and gynecologists from December 2022 to January 2023 through an online survey program. Three hundred and forty-one urologists and 302 gynecologists responded to the questionnaire.
Results: For Neisseria gonorrhea treatment, ceftriaxone 500 mg and 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily for seven days were most preferred by urologists (22.58%). The treatment most preferred by gynecologists (15.23%) was 500 mg of ceftriaxone and 1 g of azithromycin in a single dose. Both urologists and gynecologists generally treat Chlamydia trachomatis according to the treatment guidelines. For treating Mycoplasma genitalium, 29.03% of urologists preferred administering azithro-mycin at 500 mg once daily, followed by 250 mg for four days. In contrast, 33.11% of gynecologists preferred doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for seven days.
Conclusions: Most urologists and gynecologists followed the treatments recommended in the 2nd edition of the STI treatment guidelines, revised in 2016. As many treatment regimens have changed because of the recent increase in antibiotic-resistant STIs, there is a need to encourage them to follow the new treatment guidelines.

96 View
13 Download

Korean Multicenter Study of Infectious Complications after Transurethral Prostate Surgery in Patients with Preoperative Sterile Urine: Seong Hyeon Yu, Seung Il Jung, Eu Chang Hwang, Tae-Hyoung Kim, Jae Duck Choi, Koo Han Yoo, Jeong Woo Lee, Dong Hoon Koh, Sangrak Bae, Seung Ok Yang, Joongwon Choi, Seung Ki Min, Hoon Choi; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(3):81-88. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.3.81

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis and determine the risk factors of infectious complications after transurethral surgery of the prostate.
Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and seventy-two patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP) were reviewed. Of these, this study enrolled 643 patients without bacteriuria who had not received antibiotics for urinary tract infections for two weeks before surgery. The patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of the antibiotics (Group 1: less than one day, n=396 vs. Group 2: more than one day, n=247).
Results: The overall incidence of postoperative infectious complications in 643 patients was 5.0% (32/643). When postoperative infectious complications were compared according to the duration of the antibiotics (Group 1 vs. Group 2), the infectious complications rates were 5.6% (22/396) vs. 4.0% (10/247), respectively (p=0.393). When postoperative infectious complications were compared according to the duration of antibiotics (Group 1 vs. Group 2) in the TURP and HOLEP groups, the infectious complications rates were 6.3% (12/192) vs. 1.0% (1/103) (p=0.035) and 4.9% (10/203) vs. 6.0% (8/134) (p=0.677), respectively. The duration of Foley catheterization was independently associated with infectious complications (p=0.003).
Conclusions: The results showed that prolonged postoperative catheterization affects postoperative infectious complications associated with transurethral prostate surgery. Although antibiotics administered for less than one day are effective for antibiotic prophylaxis of transurethral prostate surgery, a longer antibiotic therapy is recommended for TURP.

17 View
1 Download

What Are the Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Male in South Korea?: Sangrak Bae, Sooyoun Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(3):53-60. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.3.53

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The human papillomavirus (HPV) virus causes genital warts, a sexually transmitted disease, as well as cervical and vulvar cancer in females and penile cancer in males. In addition, it this virus causes various diseases, including head and neck cancer and anal cancer. Vaccines can prevent malignant tumors caused by the HPV virus, and various projects are being conducted to eradicate HPV worldwide. The national inoculation program is a representative project among them. In Korea, only females are vaccinated; males are not included in the national mandatory vaccination list. Various reasons preventing HPV vaccination for males include cost-effectiveness, fear and misperception of side effects after vaccination, problems with the effectiveness of vaccination, and lack of social awareness about the need for vaccination, including parents, and the lack of research on male HPV disease. As female’s right to health is emphasized, HPV disease, which has become more important in treatment, will never be cured if it is managed only for females. Because the disease is transmitted sexually, managing and controlling HPV in males is also essential. In that sense, males must also be included as nationally required vaccination targets.

15 View
0 Download

Ureteral Stent Induced Urinary Tract Infection and Microbial Inconsistency Between Bladder and Renal Pelvis: Useok Choi, Eun Jae Kim, Don Hee Lyu, Bong Hee Park, Hong Chung, Chang Hee Han, Sangrak Bae; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(3):61-66. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.3.61

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study examined the effects of long-term ureteral stent (US) on urinary tract infection (UTI) by bacterial migration and bacterial colonization.
Materials and Methods: From March 2014 to August 2021, 64 patients who underwent US for more than six months were enrolled in this study. When the US was inserted for the first time and replaced regularly, urine was collected from the bladder and renal pelvis and cultured. Patients’ the characteristics, and differences in pathogens related to US infection were analyzed.
Results: The mean age was 66.4 years, and the mean duration of indwelling was 37.5 months. There were 38 cases (59.3%) by malignant and 26 cases (40.6%) by benign causes. UTI occurred in 33 cases (53%); 16 cases (25%) were hospitalized for febrile UTI. After the initial US insertion, bacteria were identified in the bladder 285 days later and in the renal pelvis after 619 days. The bladder culture was positive in 10 of the 33 patients, and renal pelvis alone was positive in nine of the 33 patients. The same strain was confirmed in the bladder and renal pelvis in 12 cases (18.8%), and it took a mean of 5.8 months ± 6.32 (standard deviation) for the upward migration of bacteria.
Conclusions: UTIs occur in approximately 50% of patients with long-term US indwelling. The probability of culturing the same strain by a US was approximately 18.8%, and the role of pathogen transmission of a US does not appear to be significant. In addition, renal pelvis culture would be helpful in cases of failed bladder antibiotics susceptibility.

31 View
0 Download

Characteristics and Treatment Trends for Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in Korea: A 10-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study: Seung-Kwon Choi, Koo Han Yoo, Jeong Woo Lee, Seung Il Jung, Eu Chang Hwang, Joongwon Choi, Woong Bin Kim, Jung Sik Huh, Jin Bong Choi, Yeonjoo Kim, Jae Min Chung, Ju-Hyun Shin, Jae Hung Jung, Hong Chung, Sangrak Bae, Tae-Hyoung Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):49-54. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.49

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study examined the characteristics, current treatment trends, and outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) in Korea.
Materials andMethods: Two hundred and seventeen patients diagnosed with EPN were evaluated using abdominal computed tomography in 2011-2021 at 15 institutes in Korea. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. The total study period was divided arbitrarily into groups A (2011-2014), B (2015-2017), and C (2018-2021) to analyze the trends in the EPN treatment.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.1 years; there were more female patients (74.2%) than male patients. The overall mortality rate was 10.6%. Ninety-five (43.8%), 98 (45.2%), and 24 (11.0%) patients were treated with medical, minimally invasive, and surgical management, respectively; the corresponding mortality rates were 13.7%, 6.1%, and 16.7%. There was no significant change in the proportion of patients treated with medical management over time (group A=46.5%, group B=47.0%, and group C=38.8%). The proportion of patients treated with minimally invasive management gradually increased over time (group A=35.2%; group B=43.9%; group C=55.0%), while those who underwent surgical management decreased gradually over time (group A=18.3%, group B=9.1%, and group C=6.3%). No differences in mortality rates were observed between the groups.
Conclusions: EPN with medical and minimally invasive management had a relatively high treatment success rate, which increased gradually, while surgical management decreased gradually over time in Korea. The mortality rate was relatively lower than that reported in studies published before the 2010s.

13 View
0 Download

Search