Urogenital Tract Infection

Changes of Causative Organism and Antimicrobial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections After the COVID-19: Young Ho Choi, Jong Hyun Tae, Mi-Kyung Lee, Tae-Hyoung Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(2):42-49. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.2.42

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies reported changes in the distribution of microorganisms that cause major legal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infectious diseases and increases in the antimicrobial resistance rates in Korea. On the other hand, there has been little domestic research on the causative organism of urinary tract infection (UTI). This study investigated the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the distribution of causative organisms and the antimicrobial resistance rate in UTI.
Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 17,201 urine cultures retrospectively from patients who visited Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 2018 to December 2021. Tests were then conducted to determine if there was a significant difference between the data for the eight quarters of the pre-COVID-19 period (January 2018 to December 2019) and the data for the eight quarters post-COVID-19 period (January 2020 to December 2021).
Results: Escherichia coli was the most common causative organism in all periods, but it decreased in the post-COVID-19 period. Enterococcus faecalis increased in the post-COVID-19 period. The ciprofloxacin resistance rate of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae increased, but the ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance rate of E. faecalis decreased.
Conclusions: There was little difference in the causative organism distribution of UTI and antimicrobial resistance rates before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, changes in some causative organisms are identified. Nevertheless, because this study was limited to a single medical institute, data from a broader spectrum of bacterial species collected from multiple institutions will be needed to obtain definitive results.

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Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 on Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Patient Symptoms: Joongwon Choi, Hong Jin Suh, Dong Hwan Lee, Tae-Kon Hwang, Jung Jun Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(2):31-35. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.2.31

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Since the outbreak of the global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019, the number of confirmed cases has increased steadily worldwide. The most common symptom of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is respiratory symptoms. On the other hand, increased voiding frequency and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have also been reported. Regarding the relationship between LUTS and COVID-19, only small size (n<100) retrospective studies have been reported, but the post-International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) increases compared to pre-IPSS after a COVID-19 infection in those older than 50 years. α-blockers and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are relatively safe, but there are conflicting reports on 5α-reductase inhibitors; hence, further research is needed. Four major theories have been argued regarding the relationship between LUTS and COVID-19: renin-angiotensin system-related, androgen-related, inflammation-related, and metabolic derangement-related. In conclusion, elderly male patients often have benign prostate hyperplasia as a co-morbidity, and the severity of COVID-19 is high in this group. Therefore, voiding symptoms in these patient groups is of particular concern.

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Systematic Literature Review of the Urological Field and Considerations in COVID-19: Joongwon Choi, Hyun Soo Ryoo, Jae Hyun Ryu, Yun Beom Kim, Seung Ok Yang, Jeong Kee Lee, Tae Young Jung, Jung Hoon Kim, Tae-Hyoung Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(1):1-7. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.1.1

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a worldwide pandemic in March 2020 after originating in China. Widespread uncertainty resulting from the pandemic has revolutionized urology practice worldwide, similar to that observed in other fields. The urological manifestations of COVID-19 were investigated by performing a literature search using a combination of keywords related to COVID-19 and urology. To date, COVID-19 has not been associated with any lower urinary tract symptoms, and there is no level 1 evidence that associates it with urinary malignancy and urolithiasis. Viral RNA has been detected in urine (5.74%), but there is no evidence of actual infection via urine. COVID-19 has transformed the standard urological practice into crisis-based care and has changed the medical and surgical priorities dramatically in the field. Most hospitals have established quarantine guidelines for each hospital, and procedures must be performed according to the present circumstances. Furthermore, in the absence of high-level evidence, specific efforts are needed to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infections during care.

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