Urogenital Tract Infection

Joo Yong Lee

4 Articles

Microbiome Analysis Using Next-Generation Sequencing in Urinary Tract Infections: Hyunho Han, Joo Yong Lee; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(1):1-7. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.1.1

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: In recent decades, the understanding of the genetic information of microbes and hosts has advanced considerably with the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS). For infectious diseases, genomic analysis can provide valuable information on the host disease susceptibility, microbial pathogenicity, and drug sensitivity. For urinary tract infections (UTI), NGS can reveal the pathogenic microbe and the dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome, which is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of UTI and other urinary tract disorders. This review outlines the role of urinary microbiome dysbiosis in UTI, urinary stone disease, and cancer. Furthermore, the recent advances in NGS technologies for future applications in infectious disease research are described in detail.

Stone-Free Rates of mPCNL, PCNL, and RIRS: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis: Dong Hyuk Kang, Kang Su Cho, Doo Yong Chung, Won Sik Jeong, Hae Do Jung, Do Kyung Kim, Joo Yong Lee; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(1):14-25. Published online April 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.1.14

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are performed to treat renal stones, and miniature PCNL (mPCNL) is used as an alternative to conventional PCNL. We conducted a systematic review of published studies regarding RIRS, PCNL, and mPCNL and performed network meta-analysis on successful outcome (stone-free) rates.
Materials and Methods: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to December 2020. Data extraction formats were used to extract data on successful outcome rates, study designs, numbers of subjects and characteristics, and methods used to treat renal stones (i.e., RIRS, PCNL, or mPCNL).
Results: Data obtained by 25 studies were used to compare the stone-free rates of RIRS, PCNL, and mPCNL; six comparisons of PCNL and mPCNL, seven of mPCNL and RIRS, and 12 of RIRS and PCNL were analyzed. No difference was found between the stone-free rates of PCNL and mPCNL (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-1.9) by network meta-analysis. However, the stone-free rate of RIRS was lower than that of mPCNL (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.021-0.82) and PCNL (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.82). Ranking analysis ranked mPCNL as No. 1 and PCNL as No. 2.
Conclusions: PCNL and mPCNL had better stone-free rates than RIRS for the treatment of renal stones, but the treatment outcomes of PCNL and mPCNL were no different.

Impact of the Human Microbiome on Nephrolithiasis: Hae Do Jung, Joo Yong Lee; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):25-31. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.25

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Nephrolithiasis has many causes, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The interest in the human microbiome is growing because of the advance of new diagnostic techniques, and recent studies have suggested a link between the microbiome and nephrolithiasis. This paper reviewed the role of the microbiome in nephrolithiasis. The absence of Oxalobacter formigenes induces hyperoxaluria, which promotes calcium oxalate stone (CaOx) formation. Escherichia coli promote CaOx supersaturation through hypocitraturia caused by the bacterial production of citrate lyase. Infection stones are associated with urea-splitting organisms, particularly Proteus mirabilis, and the stones themselves contain many species of bacteria.

Recommendations for Antibacterial Prophylaxis in Endourological Procedures: Doo Yong Chung, Joo Yong Lee; Urogenit Tract Infect 2019;14(1):1-8. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2019.14.1.1

Abstract PDF: This review discusses the evidence and newly identified findings of antibiotic prophylaxis in endourological procedures based on recently published studies. Endoscopic procedures and surgeries are performed widely to treat a variety of urologic diseases. The panel of European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on UTIs decided not to make recommendations for specific agents for particular procedures because there are considerable variations in Europe and worldwide regarding bacterial pathogens, their susceptibility, and the availability of antibiotic agents in 2018. In the EAU guidelines, antimicrobial prophylactic therapies cannot decrease the rate of symptomatic UTI in several procedures, including cystoscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis can be helpful in all patients undergoing endourological treatment, including ureteroscopic surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Because the urological practice is a part of the surgery, most urological treatment can be performed mainly by surgery. The prevention of surgical infections in each surgical field is a critical issue, but the evidence and number of guidelines are limited.

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