Abstract

This review discusses the evidence and newly identified findings of antibiotic prophylaxis in endourological procedures based on recently published studies. Endoscopic procedures and surgeries are performed widely to treat a variety of urologic diseases. The panel of European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on UTIs decided not to make recommendations for specific agents for particular procedures because there are considerable variations in Europe and worldwide regarding bacterial pathogens, their susceptibility, and the availability of antibiotic agents in 2018. In the EAU guidelines, antimicrobial prophylactic therapies cannot decrease the rate of symptomatic UTI in several procedures, including cystoscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis can be helpful in all patients undergoing endourological treatment, including ureteroscopic surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Because the urological practice is a part of the surgery, most urological treatment can be performed mainly by surgery. The prevention of surgical infections in each surgical field is a critical issue, but the evidence and number of guidelines are limited.

• Keywords: Urinary tract infections; Urology; Endoscopy; Urinary calculi; Cystoscopy