Urogenital Tract Infection

Impact of Microbial Infection on Sperm Parameters of Seminal Bacteria in Asymptomatic Subfertile Males: Sae Byuk Chang, Tae Jin Kim, Tae Heon Kim, Seung-Ryeol Lee, Young Kwon Hong, Dong Soo Park, Sun-Mi Cho, Dong Hyeon Lee, Young Dong Yu; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(3):82-92. Published online December 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.3.82

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study examined the effects of asymptomatic bacteriospermia on the semen quality of subfertile males. The types of bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility were also analyzed.
Materials and Methods: Semen was collected and analyzed from 510 subfertile males. One hundred and seventy-nine males showed bacteriospermia, while 331 males did not. The bacterial species, sperm parameters, hormone levels, underlying disease, and lifestyle patterns were compared between the two study groups.
Results: The bacteriospermic males showed significantly higher rates of leukocytospermia (p=0.001) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation than the non-bacteriospermic males. Sperm motility was significantly lower in the bacteriospermic males than in non-bacteriospermic males. The most common seminal bacterial species were Prevotella bivia (P. bivia, 41.3%) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum, 13.4%). U. parvum showed the highest recurrence rates (31.8%) three months after the initial antibiotic treatment. Regarding the sperm parameters of bacteriospermic males, the sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, leukocytospermia, and DNA fragmentation were improved significantly after the initial antibiotics treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed P. bivia, U. urealyticum, and U. parvum to be associated with the decreased motility and increased DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa. P. bivia was also associated with a decreased sperm concentration (p=0.002) and vitality (p=0.013).
Conclusions: Bacteriospermia decreased the sperm concentration, motility, normal morphology, and vitality. P. bivia is the most commonly observed bacteria in subfertile males. Appropriate antibiotic therapy of seminal bacteria species had a strong positive impact on improving the semen parameters.

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Role of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Prevention of Male Infertility: Taeyong Park; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(2):45-49. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.2.45

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause various diseases, including genital warts and malignant diseases, such as cervical, head and neck, and anal cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that a HPV infection can also adversely affect male fertility. The HPV has been detected in the semen and testicular tissues of infected individuals, indicating that the virus can directly impact the male reproductive system. Indeed, many studies showed that the HPV infection could cause sperm DNA damage, decreased sperm motility, and reduced sperm concentration, contributing to male infertility. The HPV vaccination is currently only being administered to females in Korea. On the other hand, the vaccine could help mitigate these negative impacts on male fertility by protecting males against HPV infection. This paper reviews the effects of the HPV on male fertility and the potential benefits of HPV vaccination in protecting male fertility.

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An Eight-Year Experience of Transvaginal Urethral Diverticulectomy: A Single-Center Study: Hyeon Woo Kim, Jeong Zoo Lee, Yangkyu Park, Dong Gil Shin; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(3):89-95. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.3.89

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study aimed to analyze and report the surgical outcomes in female patients with urethral diverticulum (UD) over an eight-year period at a single center.
Materials and Methods: Data of 49 UD females who underwent transvaginal urethral diverticulectomy between October 2011 and December 2019 were collected. The characterization of UD was reviewed using pelvic imaging studies. The pre- and post-operative symptoms, post-operative complications, and pathological findings were analyzed by reviewing the medical records.
Results: The most frequent pre-operative symptom was dysuria (n=18), followed by incontinence (n=14), and these symptoms persisted until 3 months post-operatively in one and six patients, respectively. Pre-operative incontinence was cured in eight patients; however, de novo stress urinary incontinence occurred in five patients within a month after surgery. Submucosal macroplastique injection was administered to these patients; of whom, one was cured and three showed an improvement. Recurrent UD was found in seven patients at a mean of 14.14±17.21 months post-operatively, and a repeat diverticulectomy was performed in six of them; of these, one recurred again and was cured after the third diverticulectomy. Urethral strictures were observed in two patients within a month after the operation but improved after urethral dilatation. Bleeding and surgical site infections were observed in one and two patients, respectively, but were successfully managed conservatively. According to the pathological report, only one was diagnosed with urethral adenocarcinoma.
Conclusions: Transvaginal urethral diverticulectomy can effectively manage UD, and its post-operative complications can be successfully managed by a proper treatment.

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What Are the Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Male in South Korea?: Sangrak Bae, Sooyoun Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(3):53-60. Published online December 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.3.53

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The human papillomavirus (HPV) virus causes genital warts, a sexually transmitted disease, as well as cervical and vulvar cancer in females and penile cancer in males. In addition, it this virus causes various diseases, including head and neck cancer and anal cancer. Vaccines can prevent malignant tumors caused by the HPV virus, and various projects are being conducted to eradicate HPV worldwide. The national inoculation program is a representative project among them. In Korea, only females are vaccinated; males are not included in the national mandatory vaccination list. Various reasons preventing HPV vaccination for males include cost-effectiveness, fear and misperception of side effects after vaccination, problems with the effectiveness of vaccination, and lack of social awareness about the need for vaccination, including parents, and the lack of research on male HPV disease. As female’s right to health is emphasized, HPV disease, which has become more important in treatment, will never be cured if it is managed only for females. Because the disease is transmitted sexually, managing and controlling HPV in males is also essential. In that sense, males must also be included as nationally required vaccination targets.

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