Urogenital Tract Infection

Original Articles

Outbreak of Cystoscopy-Related Urinary Tract Infections With Pseudomonas aeruginosa in South Korea, 2022: A Case Series: Beomsoo Kim, Young-Sin Choi, Jun-Koo Kang, Yun-Sok Ha, Seock Hwan Choi, Bum Soo Kim, Hyun Tae Kim, Eun Sang Yoo, Tae Gyun Kwon, Jae-Wook Chung, Tae-Hwan Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2024;19(3):97-103. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2448028014

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study conducted an epidemiological investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections (UTIs) following cystoscopy at Chilgok Kyungpook National University Hospital. Materials and Methods: From May 16 to July 15, 2022, among 353 patients who underwent cystoscopy, 6 patients reported febrile UTIs following cystoscopy. They were admitted to the urology department of the hospital after visiting the Emergency Department. P. aeruginosa was found in the urine cultures of 4 of the 6 hospitalized patients. During the epidemiological investigation, no changes were observed in factors such as the reprocessing procedures for endoscopic equipment. Therefore, microbiological tests were performed using environmental samples derived from the endoscopic equipment and cleaning process.
Results
P. aeruginosa was identified in a dual-enzymatic detergent (EmPower) used during the endoscope cleaning process. After changing the disinfectant and cleaning process, no further bacterial growth was observed in subsequent microbiological tests.
Conclusions
This study highlights the potential of cystoscopes to serve as reservoirs for bacteria due to inadequate cleaning during the disinfection process. To minimize the risk of infections following cystoscopy, it is important to pay close attention to the reprocessing and cleaning of cystoscopes.

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Does Music Have a Calming Effect on Pain and Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy?: Ye Chan Joo, Ji Eun Yu, Jae Hyun Baik, Young Seop Chang, Jin Bum Kim, Hyung Joon Kim, Dong Hoon Koh, Hong Wook Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2024;19(1):3-9. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2024.19.1.3

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose: Cystoscopy is a diagnostic test performed frequently in urology outpatient clinics. Despite the large number of inspections, the associated pain, discomfort, or anxiety can markedly affect patient compliance and adherence to subsequent surveillance protocols. This study conducted a prospective, randomized study to investigate the potential efficacy of music and pyuria on pain or anxiety during outpatient cystoscopy.
Materials and Methods: In this single-institution, randomized study, the participants were assigned to a music-intervention or non-music control group. The music-intervention group underwent an identical procedure with the addition of Johann Sebastian Bach’s “Air on the G String” from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068. Urinalysis was performed to determine if pyuria affects pain during the procedure.
Results: The patient-reported outcomes, encompassing the changes in the STAI-X-1 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-X-1) scores, subjective levels of discomfort, embarrassment, satisfaction, and pain, were similar in the two groups. In contrast, the surgeons reported statistically significant differences in their evaluations of the same items as patient-reported outcomes of the two groups. The patient-reported pain showed no significant differences between the pyuria-negative group (0-2 and 3-5 WBC/HPF) and pyuria-positive group (>5 WBC/HPF).
Conclusions: The data from this study do not support the hypothesis that musical intervention during cystoscopy alleviates pain or anxiety to any significant extent. In addition, pyuria did not affect the patient’s reported pain. Nevertheless, a notable impact was observed in the surgeons’ assessments, suggesting that the musical accompaniment may alter the surgeons’ perception of patient pain and anxiety levels throughout the procedure.

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Exploring National Trends in Bladder-Related Urological Procedures: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study: Hyosang Kwon, Wonjong Yang, Sangyong Park, Heesub Lee, Jong Keun Kim, Jun Hyun Han; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(2):50-59. Published online August 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.2.50

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study examined the epidemiological trends of bladder-related urological procedures in South Korea from 2009 to 2021.
Materials and Methods: The data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database, encompassing various bladder-related urological procedures. The frequencies and trends were analyzed using statistical methods.
Results: Uroflowmetry, cystoscopy, prostate biopsy, and urethral dilation showed a positive trend, while prostate massage exhibited a negative trend. The 72-hour voiding function test, which started in 2017, also demonstrated a positive trend in frequency. A urodynamic study and mid-urethral sling operation exhibited an overall decreasing trend. Bladder-indwelling catheter, Nelaton catheterization, and cystostomy catheter change showed increasing trends, while suprapubic cystostomy showed a decreasing trend.
Conclusions: This 12-year analysis provided valuable insights into the epidemiological patterns and utilization of bladder-related urological procedures in South Korea. These trends highlight the evolving landscape of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in bladder-related conditions and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between urology and other medical departments. The results highlight the need for optimizing catheter-related care protocols, resource allocation, and continued monitoring of practices across healthcare settings.

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