Urogenital Tract Infection

Impact of the Human Microbiome on Nephrolithiasis: Hae Do Jung, Joo Yong Lee; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):25-31. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.25

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Nephrolithiasis has many causes, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The interest in the human microbiome is growing because of the advance of new diagnostic techniques, and recent studies have suggested a link between the microbiome and nephrolithiasis. This paper reviewed the role of the microbiome in nephrolithiasis. The absence of Oxalobacter formigenes induces hyperoxaluria, which promotes calcium oxalate stone (CaOx) formation. Escherichia coli promote CaOx supersaturation through hypocitraturia caused by the bacterial production of citrate lyase. Infection stones are associated with urea-splitting organisms, particularly Proteus mirabilis, and the stones themselves contain many species of bacteria.

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Care of Voiding Dysfunction in Rehabilitation and Convalescent Hospitals: Seong Hyeon Yu, Eu Chang Hwang, Seung Il Jung; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):32-43. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.32

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The number of rehabilitation and convalescent hospitals is increasing rapidly; the primary goal of these institutions is to manage patients’ chronic disorders and maintain their daily functions. Most patients in these hospitals are elderly and experience difficulties related to behavior, communication, or cooperation because of various co-existing chronic medical diseases. Therefore, urologic problems may be more prevalent in these hospitals compared to other hospitals. On the other hand, unlike the medical management of other chronic medical problems, urologic problems have been neglected. This situation could increase the secondary complications, decrease the quality of life, and exacerbate co-existing conditions among such patients. Therefore, this review investigates problems concerning voiding dysfunction-related care in rehabilitation and convalescent hospitals and seeks solutions to overcome them.

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Virus in the Urine of Healthy People and Patients with Infectious Diseases: Sunho Park, Eui Tae Kim, Jung-Sik Huh; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):44-48. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.44

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: There has been a sustained effort to overcome the multiple infectious diseases that confront humankind. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most commonly caused by bacterial pathogens, primarily Escherichia coli. However, UTIs by viral pathogens have not been significantly reported. The human urinary tract, both in the healthy and diseased states, is home to many viruses despite the traditional belief that urine is sterile in healthy individuals. The most common viral pathogens found in the urinary tract are the human polyomavirus (BK virus), adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2. Research should continue to investigate whether these viruses cause clinical infections or are mere colonizers of the urinary tract. Keywords: Urinary tract

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Characteristics and Treatment Trends for Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in Korea: A 10-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study: Seung-Kwon Choi, Koo Han Yoo, Jeong Woo Lee, Seung Il Jung, Eu Chang Hwang, Joongwon Choi, Woong Bin Kim, Jung Sik Huh, Jin Bong Choi, Yeonjoo Kim, Jae Min Chung, Ju-Hyun Shin, Jae Hung Jung, Hong Chung, Sangrak Bae, Tae-Hyoung Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):49-54. Published online August 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.49

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study examined the characteristics, current treatment trends, and outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) in Korea.
Materials andMethods: Two hundred and seventeen patients diagnosed with EPN were evaluated using abdominal computed tomography in 2011-2021 at 15 institutes in Korea. The patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and treatment outcomes were analyzed. The total study period was divided arbitrarily into groups A (2011-2014), B (2015-2017), and C (2018-2021) to analyze the trends in the EPN treatment.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.1 years; there were more female patients (74.2%) than male patients. The overall mortality rate was 10.6%. Ninety-five (43.8%), 98 (45.2%), and 24 (11.0%) patients were treated with medical, minimally invasive, and surgical management, respectively; the corresponding mortality rates were 13.7%, 6.1%, and 16.7%. There was no significant change in the proportion of patients treated with medical management over time (group A=46.5%, group B=47.0%, and group C=38.8%). The proportion of patients treated with minimally invasive management gradually increased over time (group A=35.2%; group B=43.9%; group C=55.0%), while those who underwent surgical management decreased gradually over time (group A=18.3%, group B=9.1%, and group C=6.3%). No differences in mortality rates were observed between the groups.
Conclusions: EPN with medical and minimally invasive management had a relatively high treatment success rate, which increased gradually, while surgical management decreased gradually over time in Korea. The mortality rate was relatively lower than that reported in studies published before the 2010s.

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