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Systematic Literature Review of the Urological Field and Considerations in COVID-19
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Joongwon Choi, Hyun Soo Ryoo, Jae Hyun Ryu, Yun Beom Kim, Seung Ok Yang, Jeong Kee Lee, Tae Young Jung, Jung Hoon Kim, Tae-Hyoung Kim
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(1):1-7. Published online April 30, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.1.1
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 Abstract
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- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a worldwide pandemic in March 2020 after originating in China. Widespread uncertainty resulting from the pandemic has revolutionized urology practice worldwide, similar to that observed in other fields. The urological manifestations of COVID-19 were investigated by performing a literature search using a combination of keywords related to COVID-19 and urology. To date, COVID-19 has not been associated with any lower urinary tract symptoms, and there is no level 1 evidence that associates it with urinary malignancy and urolithiasis. Viral RNA has been detected in urine (5.74%), but there is no evidence of actual infection via urine. COVID-19 has transformed the standard urological practice into crisis-based care and has changed the medical and surgical priorities dramatically in the field. Most hospitals have established quarantine guidelines for each hospital, and procedures must be performed according to the present circumstances. Furthermore, in the absence of high-level evidence, specific efforts are needed to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infections during care.
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Management of Candida Urinary Tract Infection in the Elderly
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Sang Jin Kim, Jae Hyun Ryu, Yun Beom Kim, Seung Ok Yang
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2019;14(2):33-41. Published online August 30, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2019.14.2.33
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Abstract
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- Candida urinary tract infections in elderly patients are becoming increasingly common. The risk factors for the development of candiduria include old age, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids and indwelling urethral catheters, as well as diabetes mellitus, urological abnormalities, and hematological malignancies. The presence of signs and symptoms of infection are unusual, and the intensity of fungal growth in culture does not correlate with the outcome. Elderly patients often present with atypical signs and symptoms of infection. Careful assessment of the patient’s clinical status should be undertaken before treatment is initiated. The indications for antifungal therapy are the same for older and younger individuals, and the initial antifungal therapy should be selected based on the infecting organism and local epidemiology. Fluconazole is the mainstay of treatment. On the other hand, Candida glabrata is more common in elderly patients and is often refractory to fluconazole therapy. The selection of drug therapy for elderly patients should consider the comorbidities, risk of drug-drug interactions, and dose adjustment for physiological function.
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Clinical Data of Urine Culture and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Tests according to the Voiding Method over 15 Years in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury
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Won Jun Lee, Sang Jin Kim, Jae Hyun Ryu, Yun Beom Kim, Seung Ok Yang, Jeong Ki Lee, Tae Young Jung
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2016;11(1):30-35. Published online April 30, 2016
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Abstract
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- Purpose: To analyze the results of urine cultures and antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to the voiding methods in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) over a 15-year period.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1,579 urine culture samples, obtained from January 2000 to December 2014, for 73 SCI patients were analyzed according to the voiding method. We analyzed the following: positive urine culture rate, colony counts, isolated number of organism, major organisms, and antimicrobial sensitivity tests. The voiding methods were categorized into four methods: clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), suprapubic catheterization (SPC), urethral Foley catheter, and spontaneous voiding (SV).
Results: Among the 1,579 urine samples, 1,250 (79.2%) were positive. The CIC group showed the lowest rate of bacteriuria (p＜0.001), colony counts (p＜0.001), and polymicrobial infection (p＜0.001). Causative organisms were mostly gram-negative bacteria (86.7%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.7%) was most common pathogen followed by Escherichia coli (22.3%), Klebsiella species (9.5%), Providencia species (4.4%), and Serratia marcescens (4.2%). Major pathogens and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were different according to the voiding method.
Conclusions: CIC is the best voiding method to reduce urinary tract infection (UTI) in SCI patients. To treat UTI in in SCI patients, empirical antibiotics can be chosen according to the voiding method based on the reference of our study prior to the availability of antimicrobial sensitivity results.
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