1Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Wonju, Korea
2Department of Urology, Wonju, Korea
3Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
4Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
5Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
6Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
7Department of Urology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
8Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
Copyright © 2020, Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation. All rights reserved.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article are reported.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
H.W.K.: translating the article, and drafting the manu-script, D.K.K., J.Y.K., H.J.J., E.C.H., and H.W.K.: helping to translate and draft the manuscript, J.H.J.: contacting BMJ editorial office to get the approval, helping to translate and draft the manuscript, and final approval.
a)Severe eclampsia was defined as (diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg on two occasions, or systolic blood pressure >170 mmHg on two occasions and proteinuria >3+) or (diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg on two occasions, or systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg on two occasions and proteinuria >2+ and at least two signs or symptoms of imminent eclampsia) or for women who had an antihypertensive in the 48 hours before randomization: (in 48 hours before trial entry, highest diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg, or highest systolic blood pressure >170 mmHg and proteinuria >3+ at trial entry) or (in 48 hours before trial entry, highest diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg, or highest systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg and proteinuria >2+ and at least two signs or symptoms of imminent eclampsia). b)Evidence comes from randomized trials, and there was no reason to grade down for study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, or publication bias. c)The confidence interval (CI) was wide, so the evidence was graded down for imprecision. d)Mostly flushing. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, muscle weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and headache.
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [5].
See Appendix 1 (complete translate in Korean).
a)$1=£0.5=€0.7. b)Evidence comes from randomized trials, and there was no reason to grade down for study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, or publication bias. c)The confidence interval (CI) was wide, so the evidence was graded down for imprecision.
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [5].
See Appendix 2 (complete translate in Korean).
National income | Severity of eclampsia | |
---|---|---|
Severe | Non-severe | |
High | $4,125 | $7,333 |
Medium | $813 | $1,444 |
Low | $688 | $1,222 |
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [5].
See Appendix 3 (complete translate in Korean).
• 환자는 의료의 긍정적 효과(health benefit)와 부정적 효과(adverse health outcome)를 경험하지만, 의료 비용은 고용주, 환자, 일반적으로 (정부로 대표되는) 사회 전체가 부담합니다. • 비용이 환자의 치료에 대한 임상 의사의 결정에 영향을 미칠지 여부에 대한 견해(attitude)가 다릅니다. • 의료 비용은 심지어 동일 행정구역 내에서도 매우 다양하며 시간이 지남에 따라 빠르게 변할 수 있습니다. • 국가마다 의료 자원의 사용에 대한 기회비용은 크게 다릅니다. 고가약의 연 처방 비용은 미국에서 한 명의 간호사 급여에 해당할 수 있지만 중국에서는 30명의 간호사 급여에 해당할 수 있습니다. • 보건의료 지출이 다른 부분의 지출을 요구할 때, 보건의료체계, 공공 지출 또는 사회 전체가 얼마나 부담을 져야 하는지에 따라 다른 견해를 보입니다. • 자원 사용과 관련된 문제는 매우 정치적이며 진료지침 개발패널에 대한 이해 상충이 발생할 수 있습니다(예, 패널들은 산업 또는 정부와 관련이 있을 수 있습니다). |
Outcome | Severity of pre-eclampsia | Typical control group risk | Typical absolute effect (95% CI) | Relative risk (95% CI) | No. of participants | Quality of evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eclampsia | Severea) | 27/1,000 | 16 fewer/1,000 (11 to 19) | 0.41 (0.29 to 0.58) | 11,444 | Highb) |
Not severe | 15/1,000 | 9 fewer/1,000 (6 to 11) | ||||
Maternal death | Severe | 6/1,000 | 3 fewer/1,000 (0.6 more to 4 fewer) | 0.54 (0.26 to 1.10) | 10,795 | Moderatec) |
Not severe | 3/1,000 | 1 fewer/1,000 (0.3 more to 2 fewer) | ||||
Side effectsd) | Severe and not severe | 46/1,000 | 196 more/1,000 (165 to 231) | 5.26 (4.59 to 6.03) | 9,992 | Highb) |
a)Severe eclampsia was defined as (diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg on two occasions, or systolic blood pressure >170 mmHg on two occasions and proteinuria >3+) or (diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg on two occasions, or systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg on two occasions and proteinuria >2+ and at least two signs or symptoms of imminent eclampsia) or for women who had an antihypertensive in the 48 hours before randomization: (in 48 hours before trial entry, highest diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg, or highest systolic blood pressure >170 mmHg and proteinuria >3+ at trial entry) or (in 48 hours before trial entry, highest diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg, or highest systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg and proteinuria >2+ and at least two signs or symptoms of imminent eclampsia). b)Evidence comes from randomized trials, and there was no reason to grade down for study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, or publication bias. c)The confidence interval (CI) was wide, so the evidence was graded down for imprecision. d)Mostly flushing. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, muscle weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and headache.
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [
See
Resource | Costa) | Typical absolute effect (95% CI) |
No. of participants (studies) | Quality of evidence | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magnesium sulfate ampoules (6×10 ml ampoules/patient) | |||||
Setting: | |||||
High-income countries | $20 more/patient | 9,996 | Highb) | ||
Middle-income countries | $3 more/patient | ||||
Low-income countries | $5 more/patient | ||||
Administration of magnesium sulfate (1 ampoule/patient) | |||||
Setting: | |||||
High-income countries | $66/patient | 9,996 | Highb) | Resources for giving magnesium sulfate included midwives’ time (main cost), intravenous cannula or needles, sy-ringes, intravenous fluids, and the drug | |
Middle-income countries | $14/patient | ||||
Low-income countries | $8/patient | ||||
Other hospital resources (varied widely) | |||||
Setting: | |||||
High-income countries | $12,839 | $20 less/patient ($0 to $60) | 9,996 | Moderatec) | Use of other hospital resources varied greatly in both intervention and control groups. Other hospital costs have been adjusted for based on the influence of eclampsia to control for the many other factors that influenced these costs |
Middle-income countries | $1,416 | $4 less/patient ($0 to $10) | |||
Low-income countries | $157 | $2 less/patient ($1 to $3) |
a)$1=£0.5=€0.7. b)Evidence comes from randomized trials, and there was no reason to grade down for study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, or publication bias. c)The confidence interval (CI) was wide, so the evidence was graded down for imprecision.
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [
See
National income | Severity of eclampsia | |
---|---|---|
Severe | Non-severe | |
High | $4,125 | $7,333 |
Medium | $813 | $1,444 |
Low | $688 | $1,222 |
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [
See
a)Severe eclampsia was defined as (diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg on two occasions, or systolic blood pressure >170 mmHg on two occasions and proteinuria >3+) or (diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg on two occasions, or systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg on two occasions and proteinuria >2+ and at least two signs or symptoms of imminent eclampsia) or for women who had an antihypertensive in the 48 hours before randomization: (in 48 hours before trial entry, highest diastolic blood pressure >110 mmHg, or highest systolic blood pressure >170 mmHg and proteinuria >3+ at trial entry) or (in 48 hours before trial entry, highest diastolic blood pressure >100 mmHg, or highest systolic blood pressure >150 mmHg and proteinuria >2+ and at least two signs or symptoms of imminent eclampsia). b)Evidence comes from randomized trials, and there was no reason to grade down for study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, or publication bias. c)The confidence interval (CI) was wide, so the evidence was graded down for imprecision. d)Mostly flushing. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, muscle weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and headache. Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [ See
a)$1=£0.5=€0.7. b)Evidence comes from randomized trials, and there was no reason to grade down for study limitations, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness, or publication bias. c)The confidence interval (CI) was wide, so the evidence was graded down for imprecision. Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [ See
Adapted from the article of Guyatt et al. BMJ 2008;336:1170-3 [ See