Abstract

Men with prostatitis-like symptoms who had uropathogenic bacteria localized to the prostate gland by elaborate collection and culturing techniques were diagnosed with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is characterized by prolonged or recurrent symptoms and relapsing bacteriuria. Chronic bacterial prostatitis is caused mainly by Gram-negative uropathogens. For treatment, fluoroquinolones are considered the drug of choice because of their favorable pharmacokinetic properties and antimicrobial spectrum, with the best evidence supporting ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Despite conduct of intensive investigations, our knowledge regarding the diagnostic ability to differentiate bacterial from nonbacterial prostatitis, the relevance of nontraditional uropathogens, and the relationship between uropathogens localized to the prostate and recurrent urinary tract infection is still limited. In this paper, we reviewed the new concepts associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis and explored the evolution of our understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this significant urologic disease.

• Keywords: Prostatitis; Etiology; Therapeutics