Urogenital Tract Infection

Why Should You Care About Oral Gonorrhea and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection?: Jae Yong Jeong, Seok Cho, Hae Do Jung; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):20-23. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.20

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing with the open-sex culture and as people are having sex at a younger age. Consequently, oral gonorrhea and oral human papillomavirus infections, which are often asymptomatic, result in a high risk of transmission. Oral gonorrhea is symptomatic in less than 20% of patients confirmed by culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in both men and women. Even if symptoms develop and oral gonorrhea is diagnosed and treated, the cure rate is less than 90%. Hence, oral gonorrhea can lead to antibiotic resistance to gonorrhea. Oral human papillomavirus infections have received more attention because oral human papillomavirus infections play an important role in the development of oropharyngeal cancer. On the other hand, no test for diagnosing human papillomavirus in the oral cavity has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This lack of test makes it difficult to detect oral human papillomavirus infection early, which can further increase the risk of transmission of human papillomavirus infections. Preventing human papillomavirus infections is very important because surgical resection is the only treatment. Vaccination against human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancers, including tonsil cancer and base of the tongue cancer, has been reported to be effective in reducing the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged adults. Human papillomavirus vaccination is essential for protecting against oral human papillomavirus infection.

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Ureteral Stent Induced Urinary Tract Infection and Microbial Inconsistency Between Bladder and Renal Pelvis: Useok Choi, Eun Jae Kim, Don Hee Lyu, Bong Hee Park, Hong Chung, Chang Hee Han, Sangrak Bae; Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(3):61-66. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.3.61

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: This study examined the effects of long-term ureteral stent (US) on urinary tract infection (UTI) by bacterial migration and bacterial colonization.
Materials and Methods: From March 2014 to August 2021, 64 patients who underwent US for more than six months were enrolled in this study. When the US was inserted for the first time and replaced regularly, urine was collected from the bladder and renal pelvis and cultured. Patients’ the characteristics, and differences in pathogens related to US infection were analyzed.
Results: The mean age was 66.4 years, and the mean duration of indwelling was 37.5 months. There were 38 cases (59.3%) by malignant and 26 cases (40.6%) by benign causes. UTI occurred in 33 cases (53%); 16 cases (25%) were hospitalized for febrile UTI. After the initial US insertion, bacteria were identified in the bladder 285 days later and in the renal pelvis after 619 days. The bladder culture was positive in 10 of the 33 patients, and renal pelvis alone was positive in nine of the 33 patients. The same strain was confirmed in the bladder and renal pelvis in 12 cases (18.8%), and it took a mean of 5.8 months ± 6.32 (standard deviation) for the upward migration of bacteria.
Conclusions: UTIs occur in approximately 50% of patients with long-term US indwelling. The probability of culturing the same strain by a US was approximately 18.8%, and the role of pathogen transmission of a US does not appear to be significant. In addition, renal pelvis culture would be helpful in cases of failed bladder antibiotics susceptibility.

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Gabapentin for the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Patients with High Pain Score: Seok Cho, In-Rae Cho; Urogenit Tract Infect 2019;14(2):55-59. Published online August 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2019.14.2.55

Abstract PDF: Purpose: The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) are unclear. A growing body of evidence suggests that the urogenital pain of CPPS may be neuropathic in origin. The objective of this study was to determine if gabapentin can be an effective treatment for the symptoms of CPPS with severe pain.
Materials and Methods: Thirty five males with CPPS (category IIIa 25, IIIb 10) and the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) total pain score ≥9 in the previous six months were enrolled in this study between October 2010 and December 2011. The dosage of gabapentin was increased from 300 mg/d to 600 mg/d during the first four weeks. The primary outcome was evaluated as an improvement in the NIH-CPSI from the baseline to week eight.
Results: This study examined 35 males with CPPS and a mean age of 54.2±9.8 years, mean disease duration of 34.2±27.7 months, and a mean prostate volume of 24.9±5.3 ml. The decrease in the total NIH-CPSI pain domain at four weeks was significant with no change observed after eight weeks. Between the category IIIa and IIIb CPPS patients, the change in the total pain domain was not significant.
Conclusions: Gabapentin may be effective in some males with CPPS who have a high pain score. More gabapentin may be useless and possibly harmful if gabapentin does not decrease the pain at four weeks.

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Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: Woo Seok Choi, Seyung Kim, Jae Rock Oh, Seong Ho Lee, Chong Wook Lee, Sang Kon Lee; Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2009;4(2):228-231. Published online October 31, 2009

Abstract: Purple urine bag syndrome is a rare condition in which the urinary drainage bag turns purple. It occurs predominantly in chronically catheterized women and associated with urinary tract infections. Herein, 3 cases of purple urine bag syndromes are reported in 1 elderly man and 2 elderly women.

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