Urogenital Tract Infection

Differences in Urine Microbiome of Acute Cystitis and Chronic Recurrent Cystitis in Women: Woong Bin Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):1-7. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.1

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) relies on urine culture tests to identify aerobic or anaerobic urinary tract pathogens. This method has limitations in identifying anaerobic bacteria, and there is uncertainty in identifying all bacteria. A new next-generation sequencing (NGS) method has gradually helped overcome these limitations, and the microorganisms present in the human urinary tract are gradually being revealed. This review introduces studies on the microbiome analyzed using NGS of urine from patients with acute cystitis and recurrent UTIs and discusses whether NGS may reveal the pathophysiology of the disease.

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Prophylactic Antimicrobial Therapy and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Urologic Surgery: Hee Jo Yang; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):8-14. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.8

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Postoperative infectious complications are a worrying problem for surgeons. Urological surgery has a higher risk of postoperative urinary tract infection than other surgeries because of the common use of various types of catheters. Due to the recent increase in antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial stewardship recommends using appropriate antibiotics for a suitable period. It is generally advocated that prescribing antibiotics in the absence of infection is equivalent to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Based on numerous studies reported by several academic societies, appropriate use of antibiotics before surgery has been suggested. It was confirmed that using antibiotics according to these guidelines reduces the use of antibiotics without increasing the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. Furthermore, endourological surgery reports have proved the efficacy of antibiotics given once before surgery. Differences in antibiotic resistance by region must be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate antibiotic type.

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Antimicrobial Therapy and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Urosepsis: Tae Hoon Oh; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):15-19. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.15

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Since the latest knowledge on the treatment and countermeasures for sepsis is being updated at a rapid pace, becoming familiar with the Surviving Sepsis guidelines is helpful for patient prognosis. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) are important factors when selecting early empirical antibiotics for sepsis caused by urinary tract infections. For severe septic shock, prolonged infusion and combination therapy need to be considered.

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Why Should You Care About Oral Gonorrhea and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection?: Jae Yong Jeong, Seok Cho, Hae Do Jung; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):20-23. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.20

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing with the open-sex culture and as people are having sex at a younger age. Consequently, oral gonorrhea and oral human papillomavirus infections, which are often asymptomatic, result in a high risk of transmission. Oral gonorrhea is symptomatic in less than 20% of patients confirmed by culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in both men and women. Even if symptoms develop and oral gonorrhea is diagnosed and treated, the cure rate is less than 90%. Hence, oral gonorrhea can lead to antibiotic resistance to gonorrhea. Oral human papillomavirus infections have received more attention because oral human papillomavirus infections play an important role in the development of oropharyngeal cancer. On the other hand, no test for diagnosing human papillomavirus in the oral cavity has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This lack of test makes it difficult to detect oral human papillomavirus infection early, which can further increase the risk of transmission of human papillomavirus infections. Preventing human papillomavirus infections is very important because surgical resection is the only treatment. Vaccination against human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancers, including tonsil cancer and base of the tongue cancer, has been reported to be effective in reducing the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged adults. Human papillomavirus vaccination is essential for protecting against oral human papillomavirus infection.

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Evaluating Family Physicians’ Knowledge of Urinary Tract Infection in Southern Iran: Scale Development: Hourvash Haghighinejad, Parisa Jooya, Raziye Saeedizade, Kaveh Taghipour, Fatemeh Malekpour; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):24-31. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.24

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) often present with nonspecific symptoms in childhood and can result in serious complications. Therefore, it is imperative for the proper diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of this affliction. We first designed a valid and reliable questionnaire. Subsequently, the study evaluated the knowledge of family physicians regarding pediatric UTI.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was designed to evaluate the family physicians’ knowledge of pediatric UTIs. The face and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were first evaluated in a pilot study. Subsequently, doctors were asked to complete the questionnaire and data-collecting form delivered at their workplace.
Results: The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were deemed acceptable after omitting two questions. Cronbach's alpha of the final questionnaire was 0.71. More than 75% of the participants answered each question correctly. Approximately 50% of the physicians were post-graduates. Age was determined to be negatively correlated, and the "number of years of graduation" was positively correlated with the total score of the questionnaire.
Conclusions: The designed questionnaire had acceptable validity and reliability. Moreover, family physicians’ knowledge of pediatric UTIs was found to be favorable.

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Intraurethral Instillation of 5-fluorouracil with Suprapubic Cystostomy for Intraurethral Condyloma Acuminatum: Jong Gyun Ha, Young Hwii Ko, Yeong Uk Kim; Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):32-34. Published online April 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.32

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Condyloma acuminatum is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papillomavirus and with a high recurrence rate in the urethra. We report the intraurethral instillation of 5-fluorouracil cream for intraurethral condyloma acuminatum with suprapubic cystostomy after transurethral surgery. A 64-year-old man had gross hematuria for several days. At cystourethroscopy, multiple papillary mass lesions were identified on the entire urethra. Transurethral resection of the urethral masses confirmed the diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum. However, recurrent multiple warts were identified on the whole urethra. After re-surgery, intraurethral instillation of 5-fluorouracil cream with suprapubic cystostomy was achieved to prevent a recurrence. After one year of 5-fluorouracil instillation, there was no recurrence of intraurethral condyloma acuminatum.

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