Purpose: Bladder stones is not a rare disease, however, the number of patients with bladder stones has decreased due to improvement of nutrition, hygiene, and optimal antibiotics. Bladder stones are typically found in adults with urinary stasis, such as foreign body, benign prostate hyperplasia, spinal cord injury, and urinary tract infection, and in children with congenital genito-urinary abnormality. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bladder stones.

Materials and Methods: Patients who had bladder stones between March 2009 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed (Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea). We analyzed the presence of spinal cord injury, cancer, previous urinary tract calculi, and urinary tract infection associated with bladder stones and also investigated the largest diameter of bladder stone, and the number of bladder stones, as well as urine and blood culture.

Results: A total of 39 patients underwent cystolithotomy or cystolithotripsy. The most common presenting symptoms were voiding disturbance (n=15, 38.5%) and hematuria (n=10, 25.6%). Of these patients, 17 (43.3%) had positive growth of organisms. Of these organisms, Escherichia coli was found in five patients, Enterococcus fecalis in three patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae in two patients, Staphylococcus aureus in two patients, Proteus mirabilis in one patient, and Citrobacter in one patient.

Conclusions: We believe that urinary tract infection is a major risk factor in patients with bladder stones. Proper antibiotics would be required in order to reduce the risk of formation of bladder calculi. Further investigation will be needed.

Purpose: Obstructive uropathy due to malignant diseases is not only associated with urinary tract infectionbut also renal failure. Palliative decompression using either percutaneous nephrostomy tubes or internal stents improves renal function but is associated with significant morbidity and affecting quality of life. We investigated the characteristics of uropathogens related percutaneous nephrostomy with patients with terminal care.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who had a nephrostomy tube inserted for malignant ureteric obstruction between January 2007 and July 2012. We analyzed parameters including previous cancer, creatine before nephrostomy procedure, visual analogue scale, creatinine before procedure, and urinary tract infection after nephrostomy tube insertion including urine culture and blood culture.
Results: There were 143 patients with percutaneous nephrostomy in our hospital. Of these patients, 42 had percutaneous nephrostomy for ureteral obstruction with malignancy. Tumors were of urological origin in 50%of patients. Of these patients, 17 had positive urine culture results. Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonbacteria grown.
Conclusions: We considered that UTI was not a rare complication of palliative decompression of malignant Nureteral obstruction, and resistance for antibiotics increases, especially ciprofloxacin. Identification of risk factors for UTI might further improve the safety of percutaneous nephrostomy. (Korean J UTII 2012;7:142-148)