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Why Should You Care About Oral Gonorrhea and Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection?
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Jae Yong Jeong, Seok Cho, Hae Do Jung
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2023;18(1):20-23. Published online April 30, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2023.18.1.20
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 Abstract
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- The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing with the open-sex culture and as people are having sex at a younger age. Consequently, oral gonorrhea and oral human papillomavirus infections, which are often asymptomatic, result in a high risk of transmission. Oral gonorrhea is symptomatic in less than 20% of patients confirmed by culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in both men and women. Even if symptoms develop and oral gonorrhea is diagnosed and treated, the cure rate is less than 90%. Hence, oral gonorrhea can lead to antibiotic resistance to gonorrhea. Oral human papillomavirus infections have received more attention because oral human papillomavirus infections play an important role in the development of oropharyngeal cancer. On the other hand, no test for diagnosing human papillomavirus in the oral cavity has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This lack of test makes it difficult to detect oral human papillomavirus infection early, which can further increase the risk of transmission of human papillomavirus infections. Preventing human papillomavirus infections is very important because surgical resection is the only treatment. Vaccination against human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancers, including tonsil cancer and base of the tongue cancer, has been reported to be effective in reducing the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection in middle-aged adults. Human papillomavirus vaccination is essential for protecting against oral human papillomavirus infection.
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Stone-Free Rates of mPCNL, PCNL, and RIRS: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
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Dong Hyuk Kang, Kang Su Cho, Doo Yong Chung, Won Sik Jeong, Hae Do Jung, Do Kyung Kim, Joo Yong Lee
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17(1):14-25. Published online April 30, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.1.14
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Purpose: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are performed to treat renal stones, and miniature PCNL (mPCNL) is used as an alternative to conventional PCNL. We conducted a systematic review of published studies regarding RIRS, PCNL, and mPCNL and performed network meta-analysis on successful outcome (stone-free) rates.
Materials and Methods: The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to December 2020. Data extraction formats were used to extract data on successful outcome rates, study designs, numbers of subjects and characteristics, and methods used to treat renal stones (i.e., RIRS, PCNL, or mPCNL).
Results: Data obtained by 25 studies were used to compare the stone-free rates of RIRS, PCNL, and mPCNL; six comparisons of PCNL and mPCNL, seven of mPCNL and RIRS, and 12 of RIRS and PCNL were analyzed. No difference was found between the stone-free rates of PCNL and mPCNL (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-1.9) by network meta-analysis. However, the stone-free rate of RIRS was lower than that of mPCNL (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.021-0.82) and PCNL (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.82). Ranking analysis ranked mPCNL as No. 1 and PCNL as No. 2.
Conclusions: PCNL and mPCNL had better stone-free rates than RIRS for the treatment of renal stones, but the treatment outcomes of PCNL and mPCNL were no different.
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Impact of the Human Microbiome on Nephrolithiasis
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Hae Do Jung, Joo Yong Lee
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2021;16(2):25-31. Published online August 31, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2021.16.2.25
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Nephrolithiasis has many causes, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. The interest in the human microbiome is growing because of the advance of new diagnostic techniques, and recent studies have suggested a link between the microbiome and nephrolithiasis. This paper reviewed the role of the microbiome in nephrolithiasis. The absence of Oxalobacter formigenes induces hyperoxaluria, which promotes calcium oxalate stone (CaOx) formation. Escherichia coli promote CaOx supersaturation through hypocitraturia caused by the bacterial production of citrate lyase. Infection stones are associated with urea-splitting organisms, particularly Proteus mirabilis, and the stones themselves contain many species of bacteria.
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KAUTI
