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Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Fermentation Extract on Inflammation and Cytokine Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cystitis in Mice
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Hyun Suk Yoon, Yong Tae Kim, Bong Suk Shim, Hana Yoon
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Urogenit Tract Infect 2018;13(3):51-57. Published online August 31, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2018.13.3.51
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- Purpose: The effects of Lactobacillus fermentation extract (LFE) on cystitis induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mouse bladder were investigated by pathological analyses and measurement of the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-18 (IL-18).
Materials and Methods: LFE was administered orally (5 µg/L) to mice for 10 days after which the study group (n=12) received transurethral injection of 5 µg/L LPS. The bladder tissue was then harvested after 24 hours and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. A semi-quantitative score was used to evaluate inflammation (bladder inflammation index, BII). TNF-α immunohistochemical staining and multiplex cytokine assays were also performed. TNF-α and IL-18 levels were determined. The results were compared with those of the control group (n=12).
Results: The BII in the control and study groups was 2.7±0.5 and 1.1±0.7, respectively, with the control group scores differing significantly from the study group scores (p<0.001). TNF-α immunohistochemical staining results were similar. The TNF-α levels determined by the multiplex cytokine assay were 2.82±1.35 pg/mg and 1.55±0.56 pg/mg for the control and study groups, respectively, and the difference between these groups was statistically significant (p=0.007).
Conclusions: Oral administration of LFE appears to have a preventive effect against the inflammatory responses and TNF-α expression induced by transurethral instillation of LPS in the mouse bladder. Further studies are required to determine the clinical application of this finding.
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Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy
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Bong Suk Shim, Mi Mi Oh, Young-suk Lee, Ha Na Lee
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2011;6(2):155-164. Published online October 31, 2011
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- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common during pregnancy because of changes in the urinary tract. Symptomatic UTI occurs in 1% to 2% of pregnancies, while asymptomatic bacteriuria has been reported in 2% to 11% of pregnant women. UTIs during pregnancy can lead to serious consequences if left untreated. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with an increased risk of pyelonephritis and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Therefore, antepartum screening is recommended to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Oral antibiotics are the treatment of choice for asymptomatic bacteriuria and cystitis. Antibiotic agent is selected by drug safety concerns and urine culture susceptibility data. The standard course of treatment for pyelonephritis is hospital admission and intravenous antibiotics. Antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated in some cases. Prompt treatment of symptomatic UTIs and asymptomatic bacteriuria is warranted in pregnant women.
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Clinical Outcome of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis; A Multicenter Study
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Seong Ju Lee, Jin Mo Koo, Bong Suk Shim, Yong Hyun Cho, Chang Hee Han, Seung Ki Min, Sung Joo Lee, Hwan Cheol Son, Jun Mo Kim, Jong Bo Choi, Tae Hyoung Kim, Sang Kuk Yang, Kil Ho Lee, Yong Kil Na, Sung Ho Lee, Hee Jong Jung, Seung Il Jung, Chul Sung Kim, Jae Min Chung, Young Jin Seo, Won Yeol Cho, Kweon Sik Min, Sang Don Lee
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2011;6(2):165-170. Published online October 31, 2011
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- "Purpose: Proper guidelines concerning antibiotic administration for acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) are unclear. We retrospectively analyzed treatment status and clinical outcomes to establish a proper treatment guideline. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of 669 patients from 21 hospitals diagnosed with ABP were reviewed. Prior manipulation, antibiotics administration, mean length of treatment, complication and procedure were analyzed. Results: The mean age of 538 patients (80.4%) without manipulation (group 1) and 131 patients (19.6%) with manipulation (group 2) was 58.3 years (range 19-88 years). Transrectal prostate biopsy was the most common cause of acute bacterial prostatitis (n=66; 50.4%). Of the clinical symptoms in the non-manipulation and manipulation groups, fever was most common (88.2% and 86.3%, respectively). Acute urinary retention (14.3% and 28.1%, respectively) was significantly increased in the manipulation group (p<0.05). Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium from urine (72.0% and 66.7% of cases, respectively). Mean length of treatment was 6.5days and 7.9days, respectively; the difference was significant (p<0.05). Combination antibiotic therapy with third generation cephalosporin+aminoglycoside was used in 49.3% and 55.5% of cases, respectively. For single antibiotic therapy, second generation quinolones were used the most (35.5% and 34.3%, respectively). Sequale occurred in 29 group 1 patients (5.4%) and 20 group 2 patients (15.3%); the difference was significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Prior manipulation was associated with 20% of ABP patients. Regardless of manipulation, clinical outcome was similar after treating with appropriate antibiotics."
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Correlation between Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Pyuria and Urine Cytology in Female with Microscopic Hematuria
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Seok Seon Yoo, Jin Mo Koo, Geun Sik Hong, Bong Suk Shim, Hana Yoon
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2009;4(1):62-66. Published online April 30, 2009
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- "Purpose: Due to increasing number of routine health check, urine cytology test is also increasing to rule out malignant origin of microscopic hematuria. In female, chronic inflammatory condition of the lower urinary tract with or without symptoms are not uncommon and this condition also leads to abnormal urinalysis or urinary cytologic study. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical correlation of the factors related with chronic inflammatory conditions in urine cytology result. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 103 female patients with microscopic hematuria from January 2005 to January 2008. All the data of participating patients were analyzed, and were divided into two groups; normal urine cytology group and abnormal urine cytology group. In each group, correlation between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), pyuria and cytology result was analyzed. Results: In each test group we found that LUTS does not influence to urine cytology results (p=0.549). In the other hand, more pyuria cause more abnormal urine cytology results (p=0.006). Conclusions: Pyuria had effect on urine cytology result. Pyuria with or without LUTS was common in female. Therefore, care should be taken to evaluate female patients with positive hematuria response to routine urine screening test."
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Complementary and Alternative Therapies for the Treatment and Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in the Elderly
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Bong Suk Shim
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2008;3(2):168-177. Published online October 31, 2008
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- "Urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria are common in the elderly population. Bacteriuria increases with age, is more common in institutionalized or hospitalized patients than in those living at home. In the elderly patients, the atypical presentation of UTIs make diagnosis and treatment more difficult. Further urologic investigation should be considered in the elderly patients with reinfection and long-term suppressive therapy may be necessary. There is, unfortunately, no ideal antibiotic to treat and prevent urinary tract infection in the elderly. A comprehensive integrative management strategy for UTIs in the elderly includes both conventional and complementary and alternative therapies. Historically, natural remedies were used for a variety of medical problems and are helpful to UTIs, relieving discomfort, encouraging recovery and prevention. Although natural remedies are being studied for UTIs, it is important to seek medical attention and not self-medicate. This review concerned complementary and alternative therapies commonly using for UTI in the elderly and focused in detail on those with published data."
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Chemopreventive Effect of Aspirin on the Prostate Cancer
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Bong Suk Shim, Hana Yoon
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2008;3(2):194-198. Published online October 31, 2008
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- "Purpose: Aspirin, which widely being used in prevention of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease also has cancer preventive effect in the colon, esophagus, and bladder. In this study, we aimed to investigate its preventive effect in the prostatic tissue in respect of inflammation and malignancy. Materials and methods: From January 2004 to December 2007, 164 patients who had been done prostatic biopsy either due to high PSA (4ng/dL), digital rectal examination, or transrectal ultrasonography were included to this study. They were devided into three groups according to their duration of aspirin medication; group A (not medicated at all, N=74), group B (less than 5 years of medication duration, N=60), and group C (5 or more than 5 years of medication duration, N=28). Serum PSA, prostate volume, and positive yielding rate of transrectal biopy were analyzed. Results: Mean age of each group was 69.23 (A), 70.78 (B), 67.05 (C) years old (p>0.05). Mean prostatic volume was not significantly different in each group (42.48, 43.72, and 41.97gm, respectively, p>0.05). However, the positive yielding rate was significantly lower in group C (3.5%) rather than group A (38.1%) or group B (31.6%) (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis of the effect of the duration of aspirin medication to positive yielding rate of prostatic cancer showed significantly decreased incidence of positive rate of prostatic cancer in patients with 5 year or longer duration of medication (OR=0.72; 95% CI 0.35~1.50 vs. OR=0.06; 95% CI 0.01~0.48). Conclusion: This study supports the cancer preventive effect of aspirin. Lower incidence of positive rate in the patients who take aspirin over 5 years or longer, shows that the prolonged medication of aspirin may protect the development of prostate cancer."
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Preliminary Study on Protective Effect of Urovaxom? in the Longterm Urinary Catheterized Patients
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Jae Young Yoo, Bong Suk Shim, Hana Yoon
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2008;3(1):95-98. Published online April 30, 2008
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- "Purpose: Catheter associated urinary tract infections are a major health concern in chronic catheterizing patients due to the complications and frequent recurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of conventional Urovaxom? administration in chronic urinary cathterizing patients in respect of prevention of recurrent symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and Methods: Subjects were adult male and female patients who have been catheterized for urinary drainage with any pathologic reason more than 1 month. Among 15 eligible patients 13 patients (2 males, 11 females) were enrolled to this study. Urovaxom? was parenterally administered at least for more than 3 months. Before and after three months of drug administration urinalysis and urine culture tests were followed. Results: There were no significant adverse effects with Urovaxom? administration during the study period. All of the 13 patients showed clearance of bacterial growth after taking Urovaxom? eventhough some of them showed persistent microscopic hematuria or pyuria. Conclusions: UTIs and their associated complications are one of the bothering problems in chronic catheterizing patients. Urovaxom? showed positive effect in preventing UTIs recurrence in our small group study, eventhough further research will be required. Urovaxom? administration will give beneficial effect in some selective patients with chronic catheterization."
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Complementary and Alternative Therapy for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
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Bong Suk Shim
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(2):143-150. Published online October 31, 2007
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- Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a very common condition that is poorly understood and has a significant impact on quality of life. Given the lack of proven efficacy of conventional therapies, both physicians and patients have turned with increasing frequency to phytotherapy and other alternative treatments. Although complementary and alternative therapies for CP/CPPS are plentiful, few have been subjected to scientific scrutiny and prospective controlled clinical trials. This reviews concerned complementary and alternative therapies commonly used for CP/CPPS and focus in detail on those with published data.
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Multicenter Clinical Outcome of Gatifloxacin for Chronic Prostatitis (NIH Category II or IIIa) in Korea
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Sang Don Lee, Seung Ju Lee, Tae Kon Hwang, Duck Ki Yoon, Kyu Sung Lee, Luck Hee Sung, Myung Soo Choo, Bong Suk Shim, In Rae Cho, Min Eui Kim, Soo Bang Ryu, Chul Sung Kim, Young Gon Kim, Chun Il Kim, Hyun Yul Rhew, Yong-Hyun Cho
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2007;2(1):53-60. Published online May 31, 2007
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- "Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of gatifloxacin for patients with chronic prostatitis (NIH category II or IIIa) in Korean urologic practice. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 outpatient urology clinics at tertiary care medical centers in Korea participated. Gatifloxacin (400 mg/day) treatment (S.D.) of 149 patients (20 patients with category II and 129 patients with category IIIa) with prostatitis (mean age 45.8±13.3 years) was carried out for 41.7 (33.1) days. A 4-glass test according to Meares and Stamey or two glass test was carried out at study entry and one month after the end of treatment. Clinical response, safety and bacteriological response were assessed before treatment (within 48 hours of initiation of the study medication) and at one month after treatment completion. Results: In a otal of 149 patients, the total NIH-CPSI score was significantly reduced from 20.5 to 10.0 (response rate 86.7%; 95% CI 80.2-93.2%) (p<0.05). Sub-scores of pain, urinary symptoms and impact on the quality of life were also significantly reduced from 8.9 to 3.8 (response rate 83.8%; 95% CI 76.8-90.9%), from 4.2 to 2.0 (response rate 73.3%; 95% CI 64.9-81.8%) and from 7.4 to 4.2 (response rate 79.0%; 95% CI 71.3-86.8%), respectively (p<0.05). In terms of the overall clinical efficacy assessment by investigators, out of 149 patients with prostatitis, 71.2% were assessed to be responders. Bacteriological studies in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) or post prostate massage urine (VB3) at 1 month after treatment completion demonstrated that the overall eradication rates of pathogens was 85% and the pyuria (≥10 WBC/HPF) rates in the NIH category II and IIIa were 35% and 18.6%, respectively (overall rate 20.8%). There were 16.1% of patients that presented with some adverse events considered by investigators to be related to the drug. The majority of adverse events were considered to be of mild (87.5%) or moderate (8.3%) intensity. Conclusions: These results suggest that gatifloxacin in Korean urologic practice is well tolerated and improves the clinical outcomes in the patientswith chronic prostatitis (NIH category II or IIIa)."
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2006 CDC Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines
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Bong Suk Shim
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2006;1(1):54-67. Published online October 31, 2006
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- Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Treatment Guidelines, 2002 after consultation meeting Atlanta, Georgia, during April, 2005, and then developed the new guidelines for the treatments of STDs, 2006. Included in these updated guidelines are an expanded diagnostic evaluation for cervicitis and trichomoniasis; new antimicrobial recommendations for trichomoniasis; additional data on the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for chlamydial infections in pregnancy; discussion of the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and trichomoniasis in urethritis/cervicitis and treatment?related implications; emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum protocolitis among men who have sex with men; expanded discussion of the criteria for spinal fluid examination to evaluate for neurosyphilis; the emergence of azithromycin resistant Treponema pallidum; increasing prevalence of quinolone?resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in MSM; revised discussion concerning the sexual transmission of hepatitis C; postexposure prophylaxis after sexual assault; and an expanded discussion of STD prevention approaches.
These summaries rearranged 2006 CDC guidelines for the treatments of STDs around the urogenital STDs. Although these guidelines emphasize treatment, prevention strategies and diagnostic recommendations also are included. (Korean J UTII 2006;1:54-67)
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CP/CPPS: The Biomedical Model Has Failed! So What Is Next?
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Bong Suk Shim
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Korean J Urogenit Tract Infect Inflamm 2006;1(1):68-73. Published online October 31, 2006
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